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1
9 package org.jscience;
10
11 import java.math.BigInteger  ;
12 import java.util.Date ;
13 import java.util.Random ;
14
15 import javax.measure.quantities.*;
16 import javax.measure.units.*;
17
18 import org.jscience.economics.money.Currency;
19 import org.jscience.economics.money.Money;
20 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.Altitude;
21 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.CompoundCoordinates;
22 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.LatLong;
23 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.Time;
24 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.UTM;
25 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.XYZ;
26 import org.jscience.geography.coordinates.crs.CoordinatesConverter;
27 import org.jscience.mathematics.functions.Polynomial;
28 import org.jscience.mathematics.functions.Variable;
29 import org.jscience.mathematics.numbers.Complex;
30 import org.jscience.mathematics.numbers.Float64;
31 import org.jscience.mathematics.numbers.LargeInteger;
32 import org.jscience.mathematics.numbers.ModuloInteger;
33 import org.jscience.mathematics.numbers.Rational;
34 import org.jscience.mathematics.numbers.Real;
35 import org.jscience.mathematics.vectors.ComplexMatrix;
36 import org.jscience.mathematics.vectors.DenseMatrix;
37 import org.jscience.mathematics.vectors.DenseVector;
38 import org.jscience.mathematics.vectors.Float64Matrix;
39 import org.jscience.mathematics.vectors.Matrix;
40 import org.jscience.mathematics.vectors.Vector;
41 import org.jscience.physics.measures.Measure;
42 import org.jscience.physics.measures.MeasureFormat;
43 import org.jscience.physics.models.RelativisticModel;
44
45 import javolution.lang.MathLib;
46 import javolution.text.TextBuilder;
47 import javolution.context.LocalContext;
48 import javolution.context.PoolContext;
49 import static javax.measure.units.NonSI.*;
50 import static javax.measure.units.SI.*;
51 import static org.jscience.economics.money.Currency.*;
52
53
61 public final class JScience {
62
63
66 public final static String VERSION = "@VERSION@";
67
68
71 private JScience() { }
73
74
89 public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception {
90 System.out.println("JScience - Java(TM) Tools and Libraries for"
91 + " the Advancement of Sciences");
92 System.out.println("Version " + VERSION + " (http://jscience.org)");
93 System.out.println("");
94 if (args.length > 0) {
95 if (args[0].equals("version")) {
96 System.out.println("Version " + VERSION);
97 return;
98 } else if (args[0].equals("test")) {
99 testing();
100 return;
101 } else if (args[0].equals("perf")) {
102 benchmark();
103 return;
104 }
105 }
106 System.out
107 .println("Usage: java [-cp javolution.jar] -jar jscience.jar [arg]");
108 System.out.println("where arg is one of:");
109 System.out.println(" version (to show version information)");
110 System.out.println(" test (to perform self-tests)");
111 System.out.println(" perf (to run benchmark)");
112 }
113
114
119 private static void testing() throws Exception {
120 System.out.println("Testing...");
121 {
122 System.out.println("");
123 System.out.println("Exact Measurements");
124 Measure<Mass> m0 = Measure.valueOf(100, POUND);
125 Measure<Mass> m1 = m0.times(33).divide(2);
126 Measure<ElectricCurrent> m2 = Measure.valueOf("234 mA").to(
127 MICRO(AMPERE));
128 System.out.println("m0 = " + m0);
129 System.out.println("m1 = " + m1);
130 System.out.println("m2 = " + m2);
131
132 System.out.println("");
133 System.out.println("Inexact Measurements");
134 Measure<Mass> m3 = Measure.valueOf(100.0, POUND);
135 Measure<Mass> m4 = m0.divide(3);
136 Measure<ElectricCurrent> m5 = Measure.valueOf("234 mA").to(AMPERE);
137 Measure<Temperature> t0 = Measure.valueOf(-7.3, 0.5, CELSIUS);
138 System.out.println("m3 = " + m3);
139 System.out.println("m4 = " + m4);
140 System.out.println("m5 = " + m5);
141 System.out.println("t0 = " + t0);
142
143 System.out.println("");
144 System.out.println("Interval measurements");
145 Measure<Volume> m6 = Measure.valueOf(20, 0.1, LITER);
146 Measure<Frequency> m7 = Measure.rangeOf(10, 11, KILO(HERTZ));
147 System.out.println("m6 = " + m6);
148 System.out.println("m7 = " + m7);
149
150 System.out.println("");
151 System.out.println("Measure.equals (identical) / Measure.approximates " +
152 "(takes into account errors such as numeric errors)");
153 Measure<Frequency> m8 = Measure.valueOf(9000, HERTZ);
154 Measure<Frequency> m10 = m8.divide(3).times(3); Measure<Frequency> m11 = m8.divide(7).times(7); System.out.println("m8 = " + m8);
157 System.out.println("m10 = " + m10);
158 System.out.println("m11 = " + m11);
159 System.out.println("(m10 == m8) = " + m10.equals(m8));
160 System.out.println("(m10 ≅ m8) = " + m10.approximates(m8));
161 System.out.println("(m11 == m8) = " + m11.equals(m8));
162 System.out.println("(m11 ≅ m8) = " + m11.approximates(m8));
163
164 System.out.println("");
165 System.out.println("MeasureFormat - Plus/Minus Error (3 digits error)");
166 MeasureFormat.setInstance(MeasureFormat
167 .getPlusMinusErrorInstance(3));
168 System.out.println("m3 = " + m3);
169 System.out.println("m4 = " + m4);
170 System.out.println("m5 = " + m5);
171
172 System.out.println("");
173 System.out.println("MeasureFormat - Bracket Error (2 digits error)");
174 MeasureFormat.setInstance(MeasureFormat.getBracketErrorInstance(2));
175 System.out.println("m3 = " + m3);
176 System.out.println("m4 = " + m4);
177 System.out.println("m5 = " + m5);
178
179 System.out.println("");
180 System.out.println("MeasureFormat - Exact Digits Only");
181 MeasureFormat.setInstance(MeasureFormat.getExactDigitsInstance());
182 System.out.println("m3 = " + m3);
183 System.out.println("m4 = " + m4);
184 System.out.println("m5 = " + m5);
185
186 System.out.println("");
187 System.out.println("Numeric Errors");
188 {
189 Measure<Length> x = Measure.valueOf(1.0, METER);
190 Measure<Velocity> v = Measure.valueOf(0.01, METER_PER_SECOND);
191 Measure<Duration> t = Measure.valueOf(1.0, MICRO(SECOND));
192 long ns = System.nanoTime();
193 for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
194 x = x.plus(v.times(t));
195 }
196 ns = System.nanoTime() - ns;
197 MeasureFormat.setInstance(MeasureFormat
198 .getExactDigitsInstance());
199 System.out.println(x
200 + " ("
201 + Measure.valueOf(ns, 0.5, NANO(SECOND)).to(
202 MILLI(SECOND)) + ")");
203 }
204 {
205 double x = 1.0; double v = 0.01; double t = 1E-6; for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
209 x += v * t; }
211 System.out.println(x);
212 }
213 MeasureFormat.setInstance(MeasureFormat
214 .getPlusMinusErrorInstance(2));
215 }
216 {
217 System.out.println("");
218 System.out.println("Physical Models");
219 RelativisticModel.select();
221
222 Measure<Length> x = Measure.valueOf(100, NonSI.INCH);
224 x = x.plus(Measure.valueOf("2.3 µs")).to(METER);
225 System.out.println(x);
226
227 Measure<Mass> m = Measure.valueOf("12 GeV").to(KILOGRAM);
229 System.out.println(m);
230 }
231
232 {
233 System.out.println("");
234 System.out.println("Money/Currencies");
235
239 UnitFormat.getStandardInstance().label(USD, "$"); UnitFormat.getStandardInstance().label(EUR, "€");
243 Currency.setReferenceCurrency(USD);
245 EUR.setExchangeRate(1.17);
247 Measure<?> carMileage = Measure.valueOf(20, MILE
249 .divide(GALLON_LIQUID_US)); Measure<?> gazPrice = Measure.valueOf(1.2, EUR.divide(LITER)); Measure<Length> tripDistance = Measure.valueOf(400, KILO(SI.METER)); Measure<Money> tripCost = tripDistance.divide(carMileage).times(
253 gazPrice).to(USD);
254 System.out.println("Trip cost = " + tripCost + " ("
256 + tripCost.to(EUR) + ")");
257 }
258 {
259 System.out.println("");
260 System.out.println("Matrices/Vectors");
261
262 Measure<ElectricResistance> R1 = Measure.valueOf(100, 1, OHM); Measure<ElectricResistance> R2 = Measure.valueOf(300, 3, OHM); Measure<ElectricPotential> U0 = Measure.valueOf(28, 0.01, VOLT);
266 DenseMatrix<Measure<?>> A = DenseMatrix.valueOf(new Measure<?>[][] {
273 { Measure.ONE, Measure.ONE, Measure.valueOf(0, OHM) },
274 { Measure.ONE.opposite(), Measure.ZERO, R1 },
275 { Measure.ZERO, Measure.ONE.opposite(), R2 } });
276 DenseVector<Measure<?>> B = DenseVector.valueOf(new Measure<?>[] { U0, Measure.valueOf(0,
277 VOLT), Measure.valueOf(0, VOLT)});
278 Vector<Measure<?>> X = A.solve(B);
279 System.out.println(X);
280 System.out.println(X.get(2).to(MILLI(AMPERE)));
281 }
282 {
283 System.out.println("");
284 System.out.println("Polynomials");
285
286 Variable<Complex> varX = new Variable.Local<Complex>("x");
288 Variable<Complex> varY = new Variable.Local<Complex>("y");
289
290 Polynomial<Complex> x = Polynomial.valueOf(Complex.ONE, varX);
292 Polynomial<Complex> fx = x.pow(2).times(Complex.I).plus(
293 x.times(Complex.valueOf(2, 0)).plus(Complex.ONE));
294 System.out.println(fx);
295 System.out.println(fx.pow(2));
296 System.out.println(fx.differentiate(varX));
297 System.out.println(fx.integrate(varY));
298 System.out.println(fx.compose(fx));
299
300 varX.set(Complex.valueOf(2, 3));
302 System.out.println(fx.evaluate());
303 }
304
305 {
306 System.out.println("");
307 System.out.println("Coordinates Conversions");
308
309 CoordinatesConverter<LatLong, UTM> latLongToUTM = LatLong.CRS
311 .getConverterTo(UTM.CRS);
312 LatLong latLong = LatLong.valueOf(34.34, 23.56, DEGREE_ANGLE);
313 UTM utm = latLongToUTM.convert(latLong);
314 System.out.println(utm);
315
316
323 Altitude alt = Altitude.valueOf(2000, FOOT);
325 CompoundCoordinates<LatLong, Altitude> latLongAlt = new CompoundCoordinates<LatLong, Altitude>(
326 latLong, alt);
327 System.out.println(latLongAlt);
328
329 XYZ xyz = latLongAlt.getCoordinateReferenceSystem().getConverterTo(
331 XYZ.CRS).convert(latLongAlt);
332 System.out.println(xyz);
333
334 Time time = Time.valueOf(new Date ());
336 CompoundCoordinates<CompoundCoordinates, Time> latLongAltTime = new CompoundCoordinates<CompoundCoordinates, Time>(
337 latLongAlt, time);
338 System.out.println(latLongAltTime);
339 }
340
341 {
342 System.out.println("");
343 System.out.println("Numbers");
344
345 Real two = Real.valueOf(2); Real.setExactMinimumPrecision(100); Real sqrt2 = two.sqrt();
348 System.out.println("sqrt(2) = " + sqrt2);
349 System.out.println("Precision = " + sqrt2.getPrecision()
350 + " digits.");
351
352 LargeInteger dividend = LargeInteger.valueOf("3133861182986538201");
353 LargeInteger divisor = LargeInteger.valueOf("25147325102501733369");
354 Rational rational = Rational.valueOf(dividend, divisor);
355 System.out.println("rational = " + rational);
356
357 ModuloInteger m = ModuloInteger.valueOf("233424242346");
358 LocalContext.enter(); try {
360 ModuloInteger.setModulus(LargeInteger.valueOf("31225208137"));
361 ModuloInteger inv = m.inverse();
362 System.out.println("inverse modulo = " + inv);
363
364 ModuloInteger one = inv.times(m);
365 System.out.println("verification: one = " + one);
366
367 } finally {
368 LocalContext.exit();
369 }
370
371 }
372 }
373
374
377 private static void benchmark() throws Exception {
378 System.out.println("Benchmark...");
379
382 Object [] results = new Object [10000];
383
384 System.out.println("");
385 System.out.println("Numerics Operations");
386
387 System.out.print("Float64 add: ");
388 startTime();
389 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
390 PoolContext.enter();
391 Float64 x = Float64.ONE;
392 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
393 results[j] = x.plus(x);
394 }
395 PoolContext.exit();
396 }
397 endTime(10000 * results.length);
398
399 System.out.print("Float64 multiply: ");
400 startTime();
401 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
402 PoolContext.enter();
403 Float64 x = Float64.valueOf(1.0);
404 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
405 results[j] = x.times(x);
406 }
407 PoolContext.exit();
408 }
409 endTime(10000 * results.length);
410
411 System.out.print("Complex add: ");
412 startTime();
413 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
414 PoolContext.enter();
415 Complex x = Complex.valueOf(1.0, 2.0);
416 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
417 results[j] = x.plus(x);
418 }
419 PoolContext.exit();
420 }
421 endTime(10000 * results.length);
422
423 System.out.print("Complex multiply: ");
424 startTime();
425 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
426 PoolContext.enter();
427 Complex x = Complex.valueOf(1.0, 2.0);
428 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
429 results[j] = x.times(x);
430 }
431 PoolContext.exit();
432 }
433 endTime(10000 * results.length);
434
435 System.out.print("Measure (mass) add: ");
436 startTime();
437 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
438 PoolContext.enter();
439 Measure<Mass> x = Measure.valueOf(1.0, SI.KILOGRAM);
440 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
441 results[j] = x.plus(x);
442 }
443 PoolContext.exit();
444 }
445 endTime(10000 * results.length);
446
447 System.out.print("Measure (mass) multiply: ");
448 startTime();
449 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
450 PoolContext.enter();
451 Measure<Mass> x = Measure.valueOf(1.0, SI.KILOGRAM);
452 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
453 results[j] = x.times(x);
454 }
455 PoolContext.exit();
456 }
457 endTime(10000 * results.length);
458
459 System.out.println();
460 System.out.println("LargeInteger (PoolContext) versus BigInteger");
461 BigInteger big = BigInteger.probablePrime(1024, new Random ());
462 byte[] bytes = big.toByteArray();
463 LargeInteger large = LargeInteger.valueOf(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
464
465 System.out.print("LargeInteger (1024 bits) addition: ");
466 startTime();
467 for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
468 PoolContext.enter();
469 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
470 results[j] = large.plus(large);
471 }
472 PoolContext.exit();
473 }
474 endTime(1000 * results.length);
475
476 System.out.print("LargeInteger (1024 bits) multiplication: ");
477 startTime();
478 for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
479 PoolContext.enter();
480 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
481 results[j] = large.times(large);
482 }
483 PoolContext.exit();
484 }
485 endTime(100 * results.length);
486
487 System.out.print("BigInteger (1024 bits) addition: ");
488 startTime();
489 for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
490 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
491 results[j] = big.add(big);
492 }
493 }
494 endTime(1000 * results.length);
495
496 System.out.print("BigInteger (1024 bits) multiplication: ");
497 startTime();
498 for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
499 for (int j = 0; j < results.length; j++) {
500 results[j] = big.multiply(big);
501 }
502 }
503 endTime(100 * results.length);
504
505 System.out.println();
506 System.out.println("Matrix<Float64> and Matrix<Complex> versus "
507 + "non-parameterized matrix (double)");
508 final int size = 500;
509
510 System.out.print("Non-parameterized matrix (double based)"
511 + " 500x500 multiplication: ");
512 double[][] values = new double[size][size];
513 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
514 for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
515 values[i][j] = MathLib.random();
516 }
517 }
518 MatrixDouble PM = new MatrixDouble(values);
519 PM.times(PM); startTime();
521 PM.times(PM);
522 endTime(1);
523
524 System.out.print("Matrix<Float64> 500x500 multiplication: ");
525 double[][] floats = new double[size][size];
526 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
527 for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
528 floats[i][j] = MathLib.random();
529 }
530 }
531 Matrix<Float64> FM = Float64Matrix.valueOf(floats);
532 FM.times(FM); startTime();
534 FM.times(FM);
535 endTime(1);
536
537 System.out.print("Matrix<Complex> 500x500 multiplication: ");
538 Complex[][] complexes = new Complex[size][size];
539 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
540 for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
541 complexes[i][j] = Complex.valueOf(MathLib.random(), MathLib
542 .random());
543 }
544 }
545 Matrix<Complex> CM = ComplexMatrix.valueOf(complexes);
546 CM.times(CM); startTime();
548 CM.times(CM);
549 endTime(1);
550
551 System.out.print("Matrix<Measure> 500x500 multiplication: ");
552 Measure<?>[][] measures = new Measure<?>[size][size];
553 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
554 for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
555 measures[i][j] = Measure.valueOf(
556 MathLib.random(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE), Unit.ONE);
557 }
558 }
559 DenseMatrix<Measure<?>> MM = DenseMatrix.valueOf(measures);
560 startTime();
561 MM.times(MM);
562 endTime(1);
563
564 System.out.println();
565 System.out.println("More performance analysis in future versions...");
566 }
567
568 private static final class MatrixDouble {
569 double[][] o;
570
571 int m;
573 int n;
575 MatrixDouble(double[][] elements) {
576 o = elements;
577 m = elements.length;
578 n = elements[0].length;
579 }
580
581 MatrixDouble times(MatrixDouble that) {
582 if (that.m != this.n)
583 throw new Error ("Wrong dimensions");
584 MatrixDouble M = new MatrixDouble(new double[this.m][that.n]);
585 double[] thatColj = new double[n];
586 for (int j = 0; j < that.n; j++) {
587 for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
588 thatColj[k] = that.o[k][j];
589 }
590 for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
591 double[] thisRowi = o[i];
592 double s = 0;
593 for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
594 s += thisRowi[k]*thatColj[k];
595 }
596 M.o[i][j] = s;
597 }
598 }
599 return M;
600 }
601 }
602
603 private static void startTime() {
604 _time = System.nanoTime();
605 }
606
607
613 public static void endTime(int iterations) {
614 long nanoSeconds = System.nanoTime() - _time;
615 long picoDuration = nanoSeconds * 1000 / iterations;
616 long divisor;
617 String unit;
618 if (picoDuration > 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000L) { unit = " s";
620 divisor = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000L;
621 } else if (picoDuration > 1000 * 1000 * 1000L) {
622 unit = " ms";
623 divisor = 1000 * 1000 * 1000L;
624 } else if (picoDuration > 1000 * 1000L) {
625 unit = " us";
626 divisor = 1000 * 1000L;
627 } else {
628 unit = " ns";
629 divisor = 1000L;
630 }
631 TextBuilder tb = TextBuilder.newInstance();
632 tb.append(picoDuration / divisor);
633 int fracDigits = 4 - tb.length(); tb.append(".");
635 for (int i = 0, j = 10; i < fracDigits; i++, j *= 10) {
636 tb.append((picoDuration * j / divisor) % 10);
637 }
638 System.out.println(tb.append(unit));
639 }
640
641 private static long _time;
642
643 } |
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